盾构隧道施工物料无人运输发展现状及关键技术

盾构隧道施工物料无人运输有助于提升运输效率、降低运输成本、减少运输安全事故率。与公路汽车无人驾驶、港口车辆无人驾驶、轨道交通无人驾驶等逐步成熟的无人驾驶技术不同，在隧道场景下实施施工物料无人运输存在运输物料种类繁多、运输调度困难、地下定位信号拒止、狭窄车道频繁会车、行车路面工况复杂、地上地下联动响应慢等诸多挑战。从实现盾构隧道施工物料无人运输的关键问题分析入手，综述当前盾构隧道施工物料运输方式、运输需求、无人运输发展现状及存在的挑战，提出盾构隧道施工物料无人运输的五大关键技术：多种类物料智能货控能效管理技术，无人化垂直装卸门机控制技术，多传感器融合同步定位与地图构建技术，隧道复杂环境路径规划与自主避障技术，隧-地一体化联动响应的高可靠性无线通信技术。     

A comprehensive review of image analysis methods for microorganism counting: from classical image processing to deep learning approaches

Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play essential roles in many application fields, like biotechnique, medical technique and industrial domain. Microorganism counting techniques are crucial in microorganism analysis, helping biologists and related researchers quantitatively analyze the microorganisms and calculate their characteristics, such as biomass concentration and biological activity. However, traditional microorganism manual counting methods, such as plate counting method, hemocytometry and turbidimetry, are time-consuming, subjective and need complex operations, which are difficult to be applied in large-scale applications. In order to improve this situation, image analysis is applied for microorganism counting since the 1980s, which consists of digital image processing, image segmentation, image classification and suchlike. Image analysis-based microorganism counting methods are efficient comparing with traditional plate counting methods. In this article, we have studied the development of microorganism counting methods using digital image analysis. Firstly, the microorganisms are grouped as bacteria and other microorganisms. Then, the related articles are summarized based on image segmentation methods. Each part of the article is reviewed by methodologies. Moreover, commonly used image processing methods for microorganism counting are summarized and analyzed to find common technological points. More than 144 papers are outlined in this article. In conclusion, this paper provides new ideas for the future development trend of microorganism counting, and provides systematic suggestions for implementing integrated microorganism counting systems in the future. Researchers in other fields can refer to the techniques analyzed in this paper.

     

基于VR技术的智能变电站运行仿真培训系统

为了更加真实、直观地呈现智能变电站的运行整体结构,构建基于VR技术的智能变电站运行仿真培训系统。该系统通过5个模块协同完成智能变电站运行仿真培训,结合实际变电站的设备情况,采用二维纹理映射方法完成变电站设备仿真建模;系统利用虚拟现实交互模块呈现培训场景,参与培训人员能够通过人机交互设备,实现场景漫游和相关培训内容操作。测试结果表明:该系统能够较好地模拟出智能变电站的实际运行情况,参与培训的人员可以身临其境地完成整个变电站的巡视,更真实、直观地呈现智能变电站的整体状态。     

多孔型高吸水树脂对水泥净浆流动性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

为稳定掺入高吸水树脂(SAP)水泥基材料的流动性能,采用反相悬浮聚合法制备了多孔型聚丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺SAP.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测SAP的微观形貌,通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析SAP的分子结构,用“茶袋法”测试SAP的吸液性能,并通过流动度试验研究了非多孔型及多孔型SAP对水泥净浆流动度经时变化的影响.结果表明:多孔型SAP具有微米级连通孔结构,能够有效促进吸水速率,达到吸水平衡只需1 min内;当通过额外引水保持水泥净浆初始流动度相同时,多孔型SAP的掺入对水泥净浆流动度的经时损失影响最小.     

基于BIM超高层密集布筋区埋入式型钢混凝土柱脚施工技术

以漳州市某超高层项目为例,针对超高层密集布筋区埋入式型钢柱脚与钢筋的深化设计、地脚螺栓的定位预埋、型钢柱脚支撑体系设计、节点钢筋穿插连接施工、埋入式型钢柱脚安装等方面,提出切实可行的施工方法,解决了埋入式型钢混凝土柱脚的地脚螺栓精准预埋、与底板密集钢筋穿插连接施工、悬空支撑稳定等一系列施工技术难题,既满足了设计方案的要求,又可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

锂离子电池石墨负极放热反应研究

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对满嵌锂态石墨负极在50～400℃之间出现的放热反应进行了研究.对不同荷电状态(SOC)的负极进行DSC、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析以研究放热反应发生的过程.对负极中各物质之间可能发生的反应也均使用DSC进行分析.最终得出石墨负极各放热反应归属:100～120℃为SEI膜分解.200～270℃为锂与电解液的反应,270～300℃为锂与羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)的反应以及电解液的分解反应,300℃以上放热尖峰为锂与石墨的反应.     

Far-red-emitting YAl3(BO3)4:Cr3+ phosphors with excellent thermal stability and high luminescent yield for plant growth LEDs

Phosphors-converted LEDs (pc-LEDs) are excellent artificial light sources for indoor plant cultivation, in which the far-red-emitting component (700−780 nm) plays an important role in regulating the photomorphogenesis of plants. Accordingly, highly efficient and thermally stable far-red-emitting phosphors are indispensable for developing high-performance plant cultivation pc-LEDs. Herein, far-red-emitting YAl₃(BO₃)₄:Cr³⁺ (YAB:Cr³⁺) phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction, and their photoluminescence characteristics, thermal quenching, quantum yield (QY), and application in pc-LEDs were systematically investigated. The YAB:Cr³⁺ phosphor has an intense broadband absorption to the blue light, simultaneously exhibiting the sharp-line ²E emission and the broadband ⁴ T₂ emission of Cr³⁺ with a QY of ~86.7%. The far-red broadband emissions of YAB:Cr³⁺ centered at ~735 nm show a high resemblance to the active-state (P_FR) absorption of plant phytochrome. Moreover, the YAB:Cr³⁺ phosphor shows the thermally enhanced luminescence at temperatures of 303−393 K and the near-zero thermal quenching up to 423 K. The anomalous thermal enhancement is attributed to the temperature-dependent repopulation between ²E and ⁴ T₂ states. Finally, a pc-LED device was fabricated with the YAB:Cr³⁺ phosphor and blue chip, exhibiting the light out power of ~50.6 mW and energy conversion efficiency of ~17.4% at 100 mA drive current, respectively. The exceptional PL features including suitable excitation/emission wavelengths, suppressed thermal quenching and high QY make YAB:Cr³⁺ phosphors very promising for applications in plant growth pc-LEDs.